Neurodevelopmental and learning disabilities

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

A lifelong disability caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, affecting brain development and behaviour.
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About

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a lifelong disability caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. It can affect brain development, behaviour, learning, and physical health. People with FASD often experience challenges with memory, attention, emotional regulation, and communication.

This condition is often invisible.

Many disabilities, including this one, may not have outward signs—people can be significantly impacted even if they appear “fine” on the outside.

Common Challenges

  • Difficulty following complex instructions or multi-step tasks
  • Trouble with time management and staying on schedule
  • Memory challenges, especially for new information
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g. noise, lights, textures)
  • Emotional outbursts or difficulty regulating mood
  • Poor impulse control or social misunderstandings
  • Low confidence and high vulnerability to stress

Practitioner Help

  • Break down tasks into smaller, clear steps
  • Offer social skills coaching and workplace routines
  • Use visual aids, reminders, or checklists
  • Help develop coping strategies for sensory or emotional challenges
  • Support communication with employers about workplace adjustments

Common Accommodations

  • Encouragement and regular feedback
  • Structured daily routines
  • Clear expectations and feedback systems
  • Visual aids or assistive technology
  • A quiet or low-sensory workspace
  • Adjustments to the work environment to reduce sensory overload
  • Job coaching or ongoing support
  • Extra time for reading or writing tasks
  • Extra time for completing tasks during periods of low energy
  • Time extensions
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Notes

FASD is often misunderstood. Supportive, structured environments and consistent feedback can make a big difference. Many individuals with FASD can succeed in work with the right support systems.

International Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is September 9th

Resources

  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) | healthdirect
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder – NOFASD Australia
Neurodevelopmental and learning disabilities

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