Neurodevelopmental and learning disabilities

Autism

A developmental condition affecting how a person communicates, interacts, and learns, varying in severity.
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About

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts, and learns. It is called a “spectrum” because it can vary greatly in severity and symptoms.

Levels of Autism

  • Level 1 (Mild): Difficulty with social interactions and planning.
  • Level 2 (Moderate): More noticeable challenges in social interactions, may need more support.
  • Level 3 (Severe): Significant difficulties with communication and social interaction, requires high support.

This condition is often invisible.

Many disabilities, including this one, may not have outward signs—people can be significantly impacted even if they appear “fine” on the outside.

Common Challenges

  • Difficulty with social communication (e.g., talking to coworkers, understanding social cues).
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g., noise or lighting may be overwhelming).
  • Difficulty with change (e.g., changes in routine or tasks).
  • Limited interest in certain activities, leading to a lack of motivation in some tasks.
  • Struggles with teamwork or collaborative projects.
  • Need for clear instructions and structure.
  • High anxiety in unfamiliar environments.
  • Difficulty with time management and organising tasks.

Practitioner Help

  • Provide job coaching: Help individuals understand workplace culture and social expectations.
  • Offer structured support: Break tasks into clear, manageable steps.
  • Encourage open communication: Help the individual express their needs and challenges to their employer.
  • Assist with resume building: Focus on strengths and interests when creating resumes.
  • Practice interview skills: Provide mock interviews to build confidence.
  • Provide social skills training: Teach conversation skills and how to interact with colleagues.
  • Identify job accommodations: Help the individual and employer understand the types of support that may be needed.
  • Offer on-the-job training: Provide guidance during the transition into the workplace.

Common Accommodations

  • Clear and structured routines with written instructions
  • Flexible working hours or part-time work
  • Quiet work environment or noise-cancelling headphones
  • Job coaching or ongoing support
  • Adjustments to the work environment to reduce sensory overload
View more on enableDex

Notes

Autism affects each individual differently, so personalized support is key.

Resources

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | healthdirect
  • 6 Experiences Unique to Autistic Adults — AutismBC
  • Autism Awareness Australia - Empowering autism families
  • About autism – Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect)
Neurodevelopmental and learning disabilities

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